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JAVA + BORNEO Urbanism

 Jo Coenen and Sjoerd Soeters Adriaan Geuze, Sebastiaan Riquois, Wim Kloosterboer, Yushi Uehara / Amsterdam

GRAD: Amsterdam

OBJEKAT:  JAVA + BORNEO Urbanism

AUTOR :  Jo Coenen and Sjoerd Soeters Adriaan Geuze, Sebastiaan Riquois, Wim Kloosterboer, Yushi Uehara

Klijent : New Deal

Godina izgradnje :1993

Površina :

Budžet :nepoznato

Koncepcijski opis :

The harbour basins of Amsterdam's eastern docklands were dug at the end of the 19th century to replace the docks that had become too small and even inaccessible once the railway had been constructed between them and the city. In the 1960s these docks themselves fell into disuse with the arrival of container transport and given the increasing size of ships. When it was decided in the 1980s to prime the area to receive housing the first proposal was to fill in the harbour basins. Ultimately, it was elected to retain the unique combination here of land and water and transform the piers into tranquil residential enclaves. The first of these to arrive was at the Entrepot site masterplanned by Atelier Pro. A stand-out feature here is that firm's own housing block, winding its way across the water. Occupying the former cattle market and slaughterhouse site is a mixed-use business zone and an estate of some 600 social housing units. Once it had been decided to develop KNSM-eiland along the lines of the former quayside development, Jo Coenen produced a formal urban plan of big beefy apartment buildings by Hans Kollhoff and Bruno Albert that conform to the scale of the harbour basins. Certain existing buildings earmarked for retention have been woven into the structure of these huge blocks. Coenen himself designed the housing on the pier head. For the peninsulas of Borneo and Sporenburg, West 8 Landscape Architects devised a low-rise scheme packing 100 houses per hectare into long three-storey rows on narrow plots. The sea of low-rise is interrupted by a trio of large apartment buildings (including The Whale) which bridge the gap between the low-rise and the great scale of the docklands. Private commissions from individual architects inform the compact sequence of residences in Scheepstimmermanstraat. The sheer size and formal urbanism of nearby KNSM-eiland is set off on Java-eiland by Sjoerd Soeters' small-scale variegated urban structure interspersed with canals set breadthways. The reason for having more than one architect work on a single block is to try to attain the variety found in central Amsterdam's canal frontages.

Ambijentalni kvaliteti :

The Eastern Docklands consist of artificial peninsulas, laid out between 1874 and 1927. From here big passenger and cargo ships left to the former Dutch East and West Indies, the Americas and Africa. A railway system alongside the stretched quays provided a means of transporting the cargo further into Europa.

In fact, however, already from the beginning the harbour was situated at the wrong side of Amsterdam. Since 1876 the North Sea Canal west of the city offered a new direct connection with the North See that was more suitable for the bigger ships built at the time. Still, the harbour florished, especially in the years between the two World Wars. Eventually, in the east the IJ was cut off from the Zuiderzee by the construction of the Oranje Sluices.

After the Second World War the decay of the Eastern Docklands started. Passengers traveled by airlines rather than on ships. General mixed cargo was replaced by container and bulk transport. The new port moved to the area west of Amsterdam. For some years Eastern Docklands became an area for artists, squatters and city nomads, living in old buses, caravans, tents, huts and dens.

Korišćenje :

For the other areas in 1986 a turnabout took place in Amsterdam politics after the formation of a new city council in 1986. ‘Building for the neighbourhood’ became ‘building for the market’. The city council wanted to stimulate private housing and luxury rented houses, hoping to prevent the exodus of higher income groups. Mixing of market and social sectors was the new policy.

Architectural beauty and urban allure became important criteria. The existing harbour basins were to be preserved and existing harbour buildings re-used. For each island an independant urban designer was invited. It was this decision that gave the area a special quality impulse.

Glavni problemi projekta :

Probably most troubling to me about Borneo-Sporenburg is the limited mix of uses. With the exception of a very few restaurants, the land uses are only residential and recreational.

Java Eiland, on the other hand, has a variety of residential, recreational, retail and office uses, with corner stores on almost every block in the principally residential sections. Again, if people are concerned about non-residential uses encroaching on their homes, they will move to the suburbs. Probably the principal joy of living in a city is having easy access to a variety of uses, such as on Java Eiland.

By maintaining a high density but not including significant public open space or mixed uses, the developers of Borneo-Sporenburg have kept something that drives people away from cities—without providing what draws people to them. Although the attractive, high-end architecture will attract people for years, I worry about the future of this development when the architecture goes out of style.

Java Eiland, on the other hand, while not claiming to be a New Urbanist development, provides a number of amenities associated with traditional urbanism: high-quality public open space, a mix of uses, and familiar urban design, which in Amsterdam includes canals.

If I had to pick a place to live, Java Eiland would win, hands down. If Borneo-Sporenburg is supposed to be one of the leading examples of Landscape Urbanism, I don’t think it’s a movement I want to be a part of.

Lični stav autora o objektu :

Vaš lični stav o objektu :

Two peninsulas in the eastern part of the Amsterdam docks, were to be exploited for water-related activities, as well as 2500 low-rise dwelling units, with a density of 100 units per hectare. For a new interpretation of the traditional Dutch canal house, West 8 suggested new types of three-storey, ground-accessed houses deviating from the usual terraced house in being strongly oriented to the private realm by incorporating patios and roof gardens. By repeating this type in a great variety of dwelling modes and with maximum architectural variation, an animated street elevation emerges with a focus on the individual. At a larger scale, a delicately balanced relationship exists between the repetition of the individual dwellings, the roofscape and the great scale of the docks. Three immense sculptural blocks take their place as landmarks in the vast expanse of houses

The Whale

Die Architekten Cie / Amsterdam

GRAD: Amsterdam

OBJEKAT: The Whale

AUTOR : de Architekten Cie, West 8

Klijent : Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij New Deal

Godina izgradnje : 1998-2000

Površina : 35,800 sm

Koncepcijski opis :

Borneo-Sporenburg, a former harbour area along the shores of the IJ near Amsterdam's inner city is intended to resemble in its density the Jordaan, a lively Amsterdam inner city quarter. The developers, however, requested a suburban programme from the municipality. This was granted on the condition that the required density of 100 dwellings per hectare would be achieved. To achieve this urban concentration in a suburban programme, Adriaan Geuze of West 8 introduced a fresh typology: inspired by the surrounding water, he created a sea of low-rise buildings, given rhythm by the variation of blocks and open spaces. This rhythm recurs on a larger scale in the tapestry of land and water characterizing the whole area. The sea of low-rise buildings is interrupted by three enormous 'meteorites', both to throw into relief the low-rise landscape and to achieve the inner-city density. The inner city character is reflected in yet another way: the 3.5 m high ground floors of the low-rise buildings create a programmatic flexibility that allows for both living and working.The Whale is one of the three meteorites that mark the area. Within the same footprint as a 'Berlage block' (50 x 100 m) in Amsterdam South, a programme twice as large has been realized. By elevating the building on two sides - the line of the roof corresponding to the movement of the sun - the lower floors receive sunlight coming in from under the actual building. Accordingly, light and space have free access into the heart of the building. The result is a redefinition of the closed block: the inner area transforms the traditionally private domain into an almost public city garden. The elegant, elevated form conceals the enormous programme: 214 apartments with busi-ness areas underneath and an underground car park on a plot as large as a football field. As a consequence of its extraordinary design, The Whale consistently affords different views of the environment from various positions generating at the same time an enormous diversity of housing types, in the lower and upper edges of the building in particular. Conservatories provide a wide view of Amster-dam's inner city and across the expansive waters of the river IJ.

Ambijentalni kvaliteti :

angled top and underbelly ensures /  courtyard garden enjoy sufficient sunlight

angular  / sculptural form

Korišćenje :

The building harbours a great variety of housing and spatial typologies. The block contains a total of 214 apartments, commercial space, a semi-public interior courtyard and an underground car park.

Lični stav autora o objektu :

The scale, the angular forms and the zinc façade of ‘The Whale’ residential complex have won it an iconic status in the redeveloped harbour district. It contrasts with the surroundings of low-rise dwellings like a ‘meteorite’ fallen from the skies.

Vaš lični stav o objektu :

The striking sculptural form with its angled top and underbelly ensures that all the dwellings and the courtyard garden enjoy sufficient sunlight, fresh air and open views and generates the requisite variation in housing types.